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墾丁國家公園海域長期生態研究計劃─人為活動對海域生態所造成之衝擊研究（四）與環境教育之應用（一）

摘 要
關鍵詞：墾丁海域、人為活動、珊瑚礁、 生態環境
國科會目前正進行「墾丁國家公園海域長期生態研究」計畫，但該計畫中仍欠缺之各項人為活動因子對生態影響量化資料之收集與監測，包括廢水排放與棲地破壞(沉積物)、漁業活動、遊憩活動、海底地形地貌之描繪、珊瑚礁分布圖、資料庫之建立，以及環境解說教育等。故本計劃之目的乃在就以上人為活動對海域的衝擊影響作調查監測，並研擬解決對策，以期結果能提供決策單位作為參考。本年度為第四年計畫，調查之主要發現包括：部份沿岸測站水體已遭受耗氧性污染物質之影響，包括營養鹽、葉綠素甲、生化需氧量、pH、及濁度皆較高、溶氧較低之現象；其來源主要來自陸源之河川溪流及人為之排放。營養鹽之調查亦證實夏季較冬季高，當遊客人數愈多，氨氮之輸入通量及增加，每年來自南灣陸源輸入量為39×106gN，其影響範圍約垂直海岸線40-100m，平行海岸線為160m。遊憩活動以白沙至南灣最強，小灣至佳樂水較低，後彎及合澳最低。珊瑚礁形態組成在各測站之變化大小不一，但是否可作為環境健康指標則尚不知。漁業活動中潛水打魚及捕撈珊瑚礁魚類、或蠑螺供食用之消耗量甚可觀，且所販售之魚種有變雜、體長亦變小的趨勢。沉積物部分使墾丁海域濁度增高，主要仍受季節性雨量影響。側掃聲納已進行了眺石、潭子灣以北、以南及石牛石等四個區域之調查，並配合光學影像判讀珊瑚礁之覆蓋率，又底棲動物之調查發現核三廠入水口附近之藻類甚多、珊瑚少，有發現微孔珊瑚礁有腫塊之疾病發生。此外環境及生態保育資料庫之網站亦已初步建構完成，提供墾丁珊瑚礁生態調查研究成果之通俗解說資料。上述之研究結果亦綜合出四點：1.加強珊瑚礁保育之教育宣導，輔導不採捕珊瑚礁生物或食用珊瑚礁魚類；2.訂定海上遊憩活動管理辦法；3.重新檢討與積極劃設推動海洋保護區；4.加強管理觀光事業有機廢水排放與執行取締，有效控制海岸之開發，減少對環境負面影響，以達永續發展的最終目標。

計畫類別：[人文史蹟]

英文摘要：ABSTRACT
KEYWORD：Kenting National Park；Anthropogenic Factor；Coral Reef；Ecosystem
National Science Council has been conducting “Long-term Ecological Studies in the Waters around Kenting National Park,” but the project lacks of quantitative data about the impacts of human activities to marine ecology, such as sewage discharges, habitat destruction (sedimentation), overfishing, inappropriate recreational activities, coral reef mapping, plotting sea bottom topography using side-scan, database establishment and environmental education, etc. The purpose of this project is trying to find solutions for impacts of human activities mentioned above on marine environments and to provide information for authorities. Some major findings, from the fourth year of the study, were that coastal waters had sewage pollution at some monitoring stations, including eutrofication of nitrate, high chlorophyll a, B.O.D., turbidity, and pH values. High nutrients in the summer than winter correlated with the increased number of tourists and input of ammonia-nitrogen. Yearly input flux of nitrites was about 39×106 gN and affected areas cover around 40-100m offshore and 160m parallel coastline. Recreational activities were the most from Pai-Sha-Wan to Nanwan, following by Hsiao-Wan and Cha-Lo-Shuen, and the lowest was from Ho-Wan to Hou-Chieh. Even though morphology and species composition of coral reef varied among different stations, whether it was appropriate for environmental health indicator was still full of uncertainty. The consumption coral reef fishes or shellfish and spear fishing seemed getting worse because the species sold at local fishing market or seafood restaurant was more diversified and the body size was getting smaller. The turbidity of Kenting water mainly came from seasonal rainfall and partially caused by the sedimentation. Four regions, Tiao-Shih, north and south Ta-Tze-Wan, and Shih-Nieu-Shih, have been scanned by side-scanner. Coral reef coverage was estimated by using the image of underwater photography. Investigation of benthic organisms revealed that seaweed was increasing and coral reef coverage was decreasing at the inlet bay of the 3rd NPP; also, tumors were discovered at Millipore corals.

執行年度：993001

計畫主持人：方力行等