111年度「墾丁國家公園龍鑾潭重要濕地(國家級)外來種魚類移除計畫」

一、計畫緣起
龍鑾潭是內政部公告的國家級國家重要濕地，近年魚類調查資料顯示外來種比例明顯增加，而原生種已明顯逐年減少。因此，為減少龍鑾潭掠食性外來種魚類種類與數量，以降低對於原生種魚類及生物多樣性之危害，而進行外來種魚類移除計畫。
二、研究方法與過程
本研究於龍鑾潭，利用路亞釣捕、長沉籠及電氣採捕法等方式針對線鱧(Channa striata)、斑駁尖塘鱧(Oxyeleotris marmorata)、紅鰭鮊(Chanodichthys erythropterus)、尼羅口孵非鯽(Oreochromis niloticus)、吉利慈鯛(Coptodon zillii)及絲鰭毛足鬥魚(Trichogaster trichopterus)等外來種魚類進行移除。移除過程中，記錄捕獲之魚種、重量及全長等資料，並利用該資料，提出外來種魚類移除管理建議。
三、計畫成果
本計畫於4月2日至6月29日，經路亞釣法、長沉籠及電氣採捕等方式進行四次外來種魚類移除，調查期間共61人次參與，共計捕獲2,325隻魚類，其中外來種1,837隻，原生種488隻—主要目標外來種魚類線鱧及斑駁尖塘鱧本年度分別移除567隻及76隻。不同調查方式中路亞釣法主要捕獲種類為線鱧(64隻)，佔釣捕數量中的91.4%，平均每人每次釣捕量為2.9±2.2隻/人/次；電氣採捕法則以線鱧捕獲比例最高(30%)，其次為絲鰭毛足鬥魚(24%)及吳郭魚(21%，吳郭魚包括尼羅口孵非鯽、吉利慈鯛及橘色雙冠麗魚)；長沉籠則以條、絲鰭毛足鬥魚、紅鰭鮊、斑駁尖塘鱧及臺灣石鮒捕獲較多，平均每次調查可捕獲15.7±5.2(隻/籠/次)。爾後持續以路亞釣捕及長沉籠，再配合電氣採捕法共同進行時，應該可以同時捕獲不同時期的線鱧及斑駁尖塘鱧等外來魚種，並且可以更有效抑制目標族群增加。
四、建議事項
本研究結果顯示，外來種移除工作已有明顯的成效。因此建議，應持續利用路亞釣捕、長沉籠及電氣採捕法共同進行外來種魚類移除的工作。此外，減少民眾進行放生或放養的行為的環境教育工作也應持續。

計畫類別：[動物生態]

英文摘要：[Introduction] In Taiwan, the Longluan Lake in the Ken-ting National Park has long been recognized as an important habitat for overwintering birds. Previous studies have shown that more alien invasive fishes have currently been recorded than native fishes in the Lake. Due to its strong environmental adaptability and carnivorous diet, these alien fishes have caused significant negative impacts on the biodiversity of native fishes and aquatic organisms in the Longluan Lake.
[Materials and Methods] To protect the aquatic organisms in the Longluan Lake, this study selected lure fishing, fyke nets and electro-fishing to eradicate alien invasive fishes — including Channa striata, Oxyeleotris marmorata, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, Coptodon zillii, and Trichogaster trichopterus.
[Results and Discussion] A totality of 2,325individuals was collected by 4 eradication trips in the Longluan Lake from April to June 2022. Among them, 1,837 alien invasive fishes and 488 native fishes were captured. Our results showed that electro-fishing which the methods was added in this year, was high effectively methods to remove alien species. Especially, the captured size of C. striata and O. marmorata by the electro-fishing method are also small individuals, as well as they are mostly located in areas where luya fishing and fyke nets methods are difficult to capture in the marsh. Therefore, if lure fishing and fyke nets methods are used together with electro-fishing method, it should be possible to simultaneously capture C. striata and O. marmorata from different periods and regions, and can more effectively restrain their fish population size in the Longluan Lake.
[Suggestion] We suggested that it is essential to continue the projects to eradicate the alien fishes from the Longluan Lake and to educate the community members on the prevention, eradication and management of invasive alien fishes.

計畫屬性：本處委託辦理

執行年度：１１１

計畫主持人：黃大駿

中文關鍵字：龍鑾潭、外來種魚類、外來種移除

英文關鍵字：Longluan Lake, alien fishes, invasive species, eradication of alien specie

相關檔案
111龍鑾潭外來魚類移除期末完整報告： 111龍鑾潭外來魚類移除期末完整報告

:::