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墾丁國家公園海域珊瑚礁底棲群聚、水質與貝類資源量現況調查

本計畫分三個子計畫：海域水質監測、珊瑚礁底棲群聚監測、螺貝類資源量現況調查。
水質監測為調查各測站之溫、鹽分布主要受到潮流漲落、陸上逕流及河川、溪流之淡水影響，結果呈現出季節性及區域性之變化。而酸鹼值與溶氧量及溶氧飽和度，大致呈現正相關之趨勢，且溶氧飽和度有超飽和現象，但其營養鹽及葉綠素甲卻未出現相對高值。此結果表示水體中的強烈光合作用主要由底棲附著藻類進行，而並非以浮游藻為主，此作用增加了水體的酸鹼值及溶氧量。部分測站生化需氧量未合乎環保署公告保護生活環境之甲類海域水質標準(2mg/L 以下)，且與氨氮含量呈現的正相關性，推測可能遭受耗氧性都市家庭污染物質經由排放溝渠輸入與逕流
所影響。計畫所屬各河川之污染程度隨季節性而有所變化，而各污染因子相對於河川之污染程度之污染積分貢獻，則以懸浮固體量、氨氮及生化需氧量為主要影響因子。
在珊瑚礁普查方面，石珊瑚、軟珊瑚與大型藻類和 2012 年的結果相比較皆無明顯差異，草皮狀海藻的覆蓋率於部分樣點比起去年略為增加；另外眺石保護區中三區的石珊瑚覆蓋率皆有增加的趨勢，海葵除了恢復區有零星觀察到外，其他兩個區域的覆蓋率接近零。但於 2013 年 9 月台灣受到強烈颱風天兔侵襲，導致雷打石、後壁湖樣區與眺石樣區中的軸孔區受損情況較為嚴重，其他樣區部份石珊瑚亦些微受到颱風影響。
軟體動物之微棲地與群聚分布方面，物種數以萬里桐為最高，後壁湖明顯低於其它各樣點，然而豐度卻是眺石明顯高於其它各樣點。萬里桐記錄到的物種種類數量多，但除了樂譜芋螺（
Conus musicus）記錄得 8 隻，其餘各物種之數量皆不超
過 5。後壁湖種類數少，但有明顯優勢物種。本季無論是物種豐度、均勻度或歧異度皆以萬里桐為最高，香蕉灣為其次，而不同樣點之物種群聚結構相似度主要和各樣點的距離差異有關。綜合所有樣點物種之食性組成，以肉食性物種占 67.9％ 為最高，其次為濾食性物種 14.3％，第三為共生藻兼營共生 8.2％，最低為藻食性物種 2.5％。

計畫類別：[動物生態]

英文摘要：This project conducted 3 subprojects, include water quality monitoring, benthic community monitoring and seashell and land snails survey. Water quality parameter showed spatio-temporal variation on water temperature and salinity
which caused by ebb-and-flow structure and freshwater input such as surface runoff and nearby channels and creeks outlets. There were significant positive correlations between pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO) and DO saturation. Although DO over saturate but nutrients and chlorophyll-a value didn’t increase revealed
that photosynthetic strongly driven by benthic adhere algae but not planktonic algae hence led to increase pH value and DO in water samples. High level of iochemical oxygen demand (BOD) observed at some sites consequently positive
correlated with ammonia concentrations suggested that domestic wastewaters discharge and runoff impact KNP. Principle component analysis showed that suspended solids, ammonia concentration and BOD are mainly related to stream pollution. About benthic community survey, both stone corals, soft corals and macroalgae coverage showed no significant different from year 2012 results.
However, turf algae coverage increased. Stony corals coverage at Tiaoshi protected area was increased. Sea anemones observed at recover area but not the other sites. However, the typhoon TianTu in Sep, 2013 severely damaged the
Acropora area in LDS, HBH and TS and slightly damages other stony corals too. For molluscks microhabitat and community distribution survey, results showed that WLT had the highest abundance, but HBH had the lowest. However, TS had the highest richness than other sites. WLT found the most species diversity. However only
Conus musicus had recorded 8 individuals, others species were lower than 5 individuals. HBH had found dominant species. WLT had the highest species richness, diversity and evenness, follow by SJW. Community structure differences
were correlated to distance among sampling sites. Species feeding behavior investigation results revealed that 67.9% molluscks found in KNP were carnivore, 14.3% were suspension feeder, symbiosis relation showed 8.2% and the lowest was algivore 2.5%.

辦理單位：中央研究院

計畫屬性：本處委託辦理

執行年度：-

計畫主持人：陳昭倫

中文關鍵字：水質監測、底棲群聚、珊瑚覆蓋率

英文關鍵字：Water Quality Monitoring、Benthic community structure