摘 要
一、計畫緣起
墾丁國家公園位於台灣的最南端，除為國內最重要沿岸生態保育地區外，亦涵蓋有大面積的低海拔熱帶原始森林及其他典型的環境，陸域野生動物的群聚為相當具代表性的熱帶台灣低海拔動物相。各物種在保護區內分布模式及豐富程度的建立，除有助於確認區域內野生動物歧異度高的重要環境，並可了解各物種對棲息地的選擇性，或影響分布的環境因子，亦可進一步評估環境變遷對族群分布和數量之影響。
二、調查方法及過程
本研究於2011年3-10月間在墾丁國家公園的東南區域內，分別在闊葉林、次生林、海岸林等三種環境中中架設45個自動相機樣點，並使用捕捉法在闊葉林、次生林、海岸林、牧草地、一般草生地等五種環境架設19個穿越線收集哺乳類動物資料。
三、重要發現
共計錄到鼬獾(Melogale moschata subaurantiaca) 、梅花鹿(Curvus nippon taiouanus)、台灣獼猴(Macaca cyclopis) 、白鼻心(Paguma larvata taivana)、刺鼠(Niviventer coxingi)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、野豬(Sus scrofa)、台灣野兔(Lepus sinensis formosus)、鬼鼠（Bandicota indica）、月鼠（Mus formosanus）、臭鼩（Suncus murinus）等台灣本土哺乳動物11種，另外還有水牛、家羊、野狗、野貓等4種人為引進的放牧動物或野化物種。其中鼬獾（OI：4.04）是被拍攝到比例最高的物種，其次是梅花鹿（OI：3.78）、台灣獼猴（OI：3.73）、白鼻心（OI：2.65）。其中鼬獾、白鼻心、刺鼠、赤腹松鼠、台灣野豬、野狗等為全區分布，梅花鹿與台灣獼猴僅分布於闊葉林與次生林中，其餘物種則多屬侷限分布。綜合而言，闊葉林與次生林所拍攝到的動物數量與物種多樣性較高，海岸林則偏低，可能與森林能提供的食物量與可供動物遮蔽躲藏的植物組成不同有關。與2000年的調查結果比較，本區曾記錄過的小麝鼩、小黃腹鼠和山羌本次並無紀錄，顯示數量明顯減少或已消失，其原因有待積極的探討。
計畫類別：[動物生態]
英文摘要：ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
The Kenting National Park locates in the southern part of Taiwan with the most important nature coastal reserve, extensive lowland tropical forests and other specific environment. The terrestrial fauna in Kenting National Park presents an important ecosystem of lowland forest of Taiwan. The study of distribution pattern and abundance for species can not only find out the higher biodiversity area but also realize the habitat selection, environmental preference of each species, which will support further estimation of the influence of environmental change in population distribution and abundance.
2. Research Method
In 2011, we used camera trappers and live-trappers to survey mammalian species in the south-eastern part of the Kenting National Park. 45 camera trappers were set in the broad-leaved forests, secondary forests and coastal forests. There were 19 transect lines selected for live-trappers in the broad-leaved forests, secondary forests, coastal forests, tall grasslands and grasslands.
3. Findings
A total of 11 endemic species was recorded, they are gem-faced civet (Paguma larvata taivana), macaque (Macaca cyclopis), sika deer (Curvus nippon taiouanus), ferret badger (Melogale moschata subaurantiaca), wild pig (Sus scrofa), wild hare (Lepus sinensis formosus), red-bellied tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), spinous country rat (Niviventer coxingi), bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica), field mice (Mus formosanus), and house shrew (Suncus murinus). Four introduced species, namely buffalo, goat, dog and cat, were also recorded. Among endemic species, ferret badger (OI= 4.04) was the most photographed species, following by the sika deer (OI= 3.78), macaque (OI= 3.73), and the gem-faced civet (OI=2.65). Ferret badger, gem-faced civet, spinous country rat, tree squirrel, wild pig and feral dog can be found in all area, sika deer and macaque existed commonly in forest habitat, while others had restricted distribution. Results also showed that, compared with coastal forests, both broad-leaved and secondary forests have more wild mammals and higher species richness, which might due to the differences in food and cover availability between these habitats. Compare with the survey result reported in 2000 for the same area, the Kuroda's shrew (Crocidura horsfieldi kurodai ), Ricefield rat (Rattus losea ) and the muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi micrurus) were missing from the species list, which suggested a significant populations decreasing or even extirpation. An understanding of the reason or cause is necessary.
4. Suggestions
(1) To investigate the food habit of wild dogs and wild cats.
(2) To manage the business behavior of motocross in the protected area.
(3) To take actions for controlling the population of the pet dogs and wild dogs.
(4) Increasing the patrol frequency to reduce the illegal collection and hunting.
(5) To realize the interaction between herbivores and forests.
(6) To analyze population phylogeny of wild boars.
辦理單位：國立屏東科技大學
計畫屬性：本處委託研究
執行年度：100A03
計畫主持人：裴家騏
中文關鍵字：自動照相設備、日活動模式、相對密度分布模式、活體捕捉、
英文關鍵字：Camera trapper, Daily activity pattern, Distribution pattern of relative abundance, live-trapping, Mammalian diversity.