一、計畫緣起
墾丁國家公園於1984年成立至今，園區內昆蟲相關的研究計畫文獻只有8篇，且都是以蝶類或大型甲蟲為主要對象的調查報告，根據這些前人研究紀錄顯示，墾丁國家公園的大型或常見昆蟲種類在1988年的紀錄有513種，而在南仁山區的紀錄則有217種，但相較於目前在台灣生物多樣性資料庫中登錄之昆蟲種數，已達25目587科7,838屬20,712種，可見墾丁國家公園區內的昆蟲種類仍有很大的調查空間。尤其墾丁國家公園本身所擁有的地理、地形及生態系獨特性，相較於台灣其他國家公園是相當具獨特的，由此可知其中的昆蟲相具有相當大的研究潛力，尚待完整地調查與描述。基於墾丁國家公園所具備的條件，以及多年來昆蟲物種調查報告的匱乏，實有進行全面性昆蟲相調查之必要，以其更加了解墾丁國家公園內所擁有的昆蟲多樣性，並可深入探索這些物種所代表的意義以及價值。
二、研究方法及過程
本昆蟲相調查計畫於2010年3月26日開始，於墾丁國家公園境內之香蕉灣、社頂自然公園、林業試驗所恆春研究中心熱帶植物園（墾丁森林遊樂區）、南仁山及欖仁溪等五樣區，進行昆蟲物種調查之路線探勘與陷阱樣區選定工作，並同步進行調查工作。本研究以每個月一次，冬季每一個半月一次之頻度，進行野外調查，至2010年12月為止，共已執行9次調查。調查中所採集之昆蟲樣本依據不同採集方法及昆蟲類群，將昆蟲製作成可供鑑定之85%或75%浸液標本及乾燥標本。目前所執行之採集方法包括徒手採集、掃網及撈網、掉落式陷阱、誘引陷阱、馬氏網、攔截板、落葉袋、夜間燈光誘集以及水棲昆蟲徒手和定置網採集。
三、重要發現
截至2010年12月為止，累計所採得之標本數量達1萬2500隻以上。在已確認物種方面，已委請國內外專家鑑定出建立之名錄包括：等翅目白蟻、半翅目異翅亞目（不含盲蝽）、鞘翅目之金龜子總科糞金龜亞科、鞘翅目金花蟲總科、竹節蟲目、以及鞘翅目之部分金龜子總科、扁蟲總科以及擬步行蟲總科等名錄。並建立鱗翅目蝶亞目、鞘翅目天牛總科、蜻蛉目、膜翅目蟻科等4個類群之初步物種清單。另外，尚有形態種17目1,151種。合計本年度所調查確認物種數有394種，其中包含18屬新紀錄屬，36種新紀錄種，11種新種，19種特有種，2種特有亞種及3種保育類物種。而本年度調查所得總物種數估計達19目、50科、275屬、1,545種。由計畫調查所得之標本，經與國內博物館聯繫後，已建立合作管道，將具有完整採集資訊之標本送至國立自然科學博物館及農業試驗所昆蟲標本館收藏；除可收標本保存良好之效，更可便利於昆蟲物種類群專家來訪進行物種鑑定，藉以達到建立步物種名錄清單之目標。
四、主要建議事項
根據研究發現，本研究針對，提出下列具體建議。以下分別從立即可行的建議、及長期性建議加以列舉。
立即可行之建議
主辦機關： 墾丁國家公園管理處
協辦機關： 國立自然科學博物館、農業試驗所所昆蟲標本館
建議未來增加編列邀請專家鑑定稿費，以感謝專家之投入與支持。而委託單位已同意發現新種專家有發表之權利，建議委託單位須待科學報告發表後，再將新物種學名公佈於委託單位報告中，唯須確認模式標本需指定放置於台中科博館或台中農試所昆蟲標本館當中。台中科博館當中有為數不少之本園區昆蟲標本，未來在經費許可下，可增派人力進行標本整理與初步鑑定工作。
長期性建議
主辦機關：墾丁國家公園管理處
目前所採取的調查方法多達9種，人力、物力龐大。建議未來在經費許可下，可加強人力，以利所採集之標本獲得最大之使用價值。位於本園區保護區的調查活動可同時蒐集保護區旅客現況資訊，並提供保護區管理之建議，可強化保護區的保育成效。而本計畫所設計的研究方法為與專家合作鑑定物種，此法不但可以確認物種，並可結合國內外專家之力量，形成一合作平台，此舉將可使國內之相近昆蟲調查研究更為準確及精進，可視為國內評估保育工作成效的一種新的方法。
計畫類別：[動物生態]
英文摘要：With the diversified terrain and tropical climate, Kenting National Park have breed a rich and fertile vegetation ranging from upland to coast with a full variety of living species. There are 8 insect funna research reports before 1988, which and concluded 513 species whithin the park. And there are 217 species records in protected area Nanrensan. According to the data bank of TaiBif, there are 20,712 insecta species records that comprise 25 orders, 587 families and 7,838 genera. This data implies that with the unique habitats of Kenting National Park, there should be more insect species that need further investigation. With the research time gap in around twenty years, it will be meaningful to conduct a long term survey of insect funna in Kenting National Park. The goals of this project are to obtain the insect funna list in five main sampling sites inside this park. The sampling sits includes typical habitats of this park, which is costal forest, elevated coral reefs, tropical forest and stream habitat. Those sampling sites are Siangjiao Bay, Sheding, Kenting Forest Recreation Area, Nanrenshan and Lanren River. Based on the insect list, we will obtain the diversity of insect funna in different kinds of habitat.
This project starts from March 26th 2010. Field survey were conducted almost every moth with night collection trips in total. The collection method includes hand-collecting, net sweeping and canopy sweeping, pit-fall, dung-trap, Malaise trap, flight intercept traps (FITs), Winkler’s bag, night trap and aquatic insect survey (hand and Surber’s sampler). All specimens were treated according to the unique technique of each taxon under dried condition or stored in 85% or 75% alcohol to make species identification feasible. There are over 12,500 numbers of insects collected at the end of this year. Taxonomists were invited for species identifications. The checklists indentified include: Isoptera, Suborder Heteroptera (Order Hemiptera), Subfamily Scarabaeinae (Order Coleoptera), Family Chrysomelidae (Order Coleoptera), Order Coleoptera (Superfamily Cucujoidea, Superfamily Scarabaeoidea and Superfamily Tenebrionoidea), Order Phasmida. There are four species lists that need further confirm by taxonomists, which are: Suborder Rhopalocera (Order Lepidoptera), Superfamily Cerambycoidea (Order Coleoptera), Order Odonata and Family Formicidae (Order Hymenoptera). Three hundred and ninety-four species were identified in this year, and there are other 1,151 morphospecies (in 17 orders) not identified。There are 18 new record genus, 36 new record species, 11 new species, 19 endemic species, 2 endemic subspecies and 3 endangered species。The total species number estimated are 1,545 species, 19 orders, 50 families and 275 genera. All the specimens were kept in National Museum of Natural Science or Agricultural Research Institute.
This project comes to the immediate and long-term strategies.
For immediate strategies:
This project invites taxonomists for species identification, in consideration for long term cooperation, it is suggest payment for identification should be planned in advance. KTNP agrees that the taxanomists have the right of publishing new species record, the announcements of new species lists will be after scientific report has been made. The holotype specimens should be designate to be placed in National Museum of Natural Science or in TARI. There numbers of insect specimens collection in National Museum of Natural Science which could be identified in the future if funds permit, it can deploy additional manpower to organize and preliminary identification of the work samples.
For long-term strategies:
This project uses nine investigation methods that cost huge manpower, material and expenses. The manpower should increase in order to facilitate the collection of specimens to obtain the largest value. The investigation activity in protected areas offers an opportunity to collect the status of visitor information, and provides recommendations to strengthen the management for effectiveness of the conservation strategies. Also, the design the research methods for the identification of species in this project, provide a platform of interconnection among taxanomist in Taiwan and around the world. Through this platform, the KTNP could not only confirm the species, but also increase the connection of the domestic and international researchers, which will enable insect funna survey in Taiwan more accurate and sophisticated. The establishment of cooperation platform can be regarded as a new approach in assessment of the effectiveness of conservation.
計畫屬性：本處委託辦理
執行年度：99
計畫主持人：藍艷秋
中文關鍵字：昆蟲相調查、墾丁昆蟲相、昆蟲多樣性、昆蟲採集、昆蟲名錄
英文關鍵字：Insect survey, Kenting insect funna, Insect diversity, Insect collection, Insect species list