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墾丁國家公園萬里桐海域生態保護區動物資源調查及社區參與

一、計畫緣起
近年來萬里桐海域潮間帶的生態資源因不當的遊憩行為及採捕壓力，造成生物多樣性的急遽下降。在墾丁國家公園第四次通盤檢討後，將萬里桐海域，由原本的海洋遊憩區海底公園 (海公二) ，變更為海域生態保護區 (海生一) ，以復育海洋生態系。本計畫針對保護區範圍內潮間帶進行棘皮與軟體動物資源及棲地研究，瞭解資源現況及困境，以期後續經營管理，並與萬里桐當地民眾參與探討萬里桐海域朝向保護區環境教育模式的可能性。
二、研究方法與過程
生物資源調查於民國110年3、5、7、9月進行四次定量調查，而定性調查則是於3~9月共七次調查，每次調查於乾潮前後2小時進行。定量方面以三條穿越線記錄物種及隻數，並記錄其微棲地環境；定性調查則以萬里桐海域生態保護區內進行普查；以及在穿越線附近的潮池調查棘皮與軟體動物物種豐度。
三、重要發現
生物結果顯示，蜈蚣櫛蛇尾為萬里桐潮間帶的最優勢種。最長的北穿越線有最多的生物隻數；而中穿越線有最少的物種數。萬里桐潮間帶的前五大優勢種：蜈蚣櫛蛇尾、黑障泥蛤、結螺、金環寶螺、五角隱海燕，不同物種各有其不同微棲地。蜈蚣櫛蛇尾遍佈在水中礁岩的縫隙中；黑障泥蛤棲息在潮間帶岩礁縫隙中；結螺主要發現於潮濕的礁岩表面；金環寶螺通常在中低潮位的礁岩孔洞中；五角隱海燕偏好高潮位無藻類覆蓋的岩石底部。定性調查連同節肢動物共計發現3門92科236種，其中棘皮動物15科36種，軟體動物54科150種，大多數物種為恆春半島常見物種，除了了解其分佈監測的成果，亦可作為生態解說用之素材。
本團隊透過社區訪談溝通與工作坊的引導，萬里桐社區民眾對於墾丁國家公園劃設保護區的衝突係數有降低的趨勢，且表現出共同進行保護區發展環境教育之意願。現有保護區環境教育的經營管理方式(預約方式、人員認證、承載量等)，仍需再進一步研議適合萬里桐社區操作的方式。初步評估萬里桐保護區是有朝向環境教育發展條件。唯仍需克服目前室內課程空間不足的問題，持續透過輔導團隊與社區溝通、進行解說與協助監測人力的培訓與管理、強化社區民眾對保護區價值觀的認同等面向。
四、建議
萬里桐潮間帶應持續進行海洋生物監測，一方面可以釐清110年6月22高雄中油外海油管破裂汙染之後是否對海域生態有所影響，另一方面以公民科學的方式結合民眾參與監測，同時可讓有意從事環境教育的社區民眾增加其對海域生物的認識，有助於環境教育課程的執行；辦理培訓課程，提升社區居民對海域生態的正確知識，同時具備環境解說能力；以現行的保護區環境教育管理機制為基礎，研議適合海域生態保護區使用的模式。

計畫類別：[動物生態]

英文摘要：In recent years, the ecological resources of the intertidal zone in the Wanlitong have declined due to inappropriate recreational behavior and catching pressure. After the fourth overall review of Kenting National Park, Conservation zoning of the Wanlitong area was changed from the marine recreation area to the marine ecological protection area to restore the marine ecosystem. This project researchs on the resources and habitats of Echinodermata and Mollusca in the intertidal zone within the protected area to understand the current status of the resources, with a view to the following management, and participate with the local people in Wanlitong to discuss the possibility of the protection area which turning to the environmental education site. In terms of quantitative survyes research, three crossing lines were used to record species, numbers, and their microhabitat environment. Qualitative survyes were conducted covered in the Wanlitong marine ecological protected area, And survey the abundance of Echinodermata and Mollusca species in the tide pool near the crossing line.
Biological results show that the Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck, 1816) is the most dominant species in the intertidal zone of Wanlitong. The longest north transect belt has the most number of organisms; the middle transect belt has the least number of species. The top five dominant species in the Wanlitong intertidal zone: O. scolopendrina, Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791), Tenguella granulata (Duclos, 1832), Monetaria annulus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Cryptasterina pentagona (Muller & Troschel, 1840), and different species have their own microhabitats. O. scolopendrina are distributed in the crevices of the reefs under the water. I. legume inhabits the crevices of intertidal reefs. T. granulate are mainly found on the surface of moist reefs. M. annulus are usually found in reef cavities at middle and low tides. C. pentagona prefers to be under rocks without algae coverage at high tide. The qualitative survyes recorded a total of 236 species in 92 families in 3 phyla, which including 50 species in 23 families of Arthropods, 36 species in 15 families are Echinoderms, and 150 species in 54 families of Molluscs, most species are common species in Hengchun Peninsula. The results show that not only understanding the species distribution and monitoring, it can also be used as a material for ecological education.
In terms of community, through the communication and workshop with the people who live in Wanlitong community , they have a tendency to reduce the conflict coefficient about the marine reserve area that planned by Kenting National Park. They have also shown a willingness to jointly carry out the environmental education project in the marine reserve. The management methods of environmental education project in the Kenting National Park reserve now (reservation , docent certification, carrying capacity management, etc.), maybe not suitable for Wanlitong, we suggest still need to be further studied and discussed for the operation of the Wanlitong community. Preliminary assessment is that the Wanlitong Reserve have the opportunity for the development of environmental education project. But It is still to overcome the current lack of indoor classrooms, continue to communicate with the community through the counseling team, training and management of human resources who can assist in ecological monitoring，and can docent the right knowledge about the Intertidal zone. The most important is keep on strengthen the people recognition of the natural conservation values of the reserve.
In the next step, we suggest continuous to monitoring of intertidal zone organisms, could be clarify whether the ocean ecosystem impact by pollution of the oil pipeline broken, on the other hand, train local people who are interested in environmental education through citizen science can integrate people's participation and at the same time increase knowledge of marine organisms. Second, through the environmental education courses to train people to become marine interpreter. Third, based on current protected areas management mechanism and develop a suitable method for Wanlitong intertidal zone .

辦理單位：蛙趣自然生態顧問有限公司

計畫屬性：本處委託辦理

執行年度：110

計畫主持人：莊孟憲

中文關鍵字：萬里桐、潮間帶、社區參與、環境教育

英文關鍵字：Wanlitong, intertidal zone, environmental education, community participation