一、研究緣起
根據99年「墾丁國家公園生物多樣性指標監測系統之規劃建置」及105年「墾丁國家公園歷年保育暨經營管理計畫回顧分析及未來規劃」計畫中皆建議時隔30餘年，在氣候變遷及園區內環境多有更迭下，實有必要再次進行園區內稀有植物調查，並擴大確認稀有植物的種類、數量及分布變化及現況。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫調查先基於徐國士等(1985) 調查成果，彙整呂勝由等(1996-2001)、臺灣植物紅皮書編輯委員會(2017) 的稀有植物資料，以及自2020-4-10起至2021-10-03止合計調查15次園區內實地調查、植物分類等稀有植物相關研究文獻，並透過臺灣各大植物標本館的館藏資料，建立園區稀有植物標本分布圖資，建立園區內稀有植物分布現況資料，並以核密度估計(kernel density estimation) 的方式，建立墾丁國家公園稀有植物熱區(hotspot)，據此研擬相關保護措施，並提供稀有植物之保育個論，提供墾丁國家公園管理處生態與保育經營管理的參考。
三、重要發現
本研究將墾丁國家公園劃分出11個稀有植物熱區由西至東分別為：(1) 山海萬里桐、(2) 關山及龍鑾潭、(3) 貓鼻頭、(4) 永靖、(5) 墾丁高位珊瑚礁、(6) 鵝鑾鼻半島、(7) 港墘、(8) 佳樂水、(9) 南仁山南部、(10) 南仁山與南仁湖，以及(11) 鼻頭與萬丈深坑。其中以南仁山南部的稀有植物種類數量最多、面積最大，而南仁山與南仁湖次之，鵝鑾鼻半島第三。本研究綜合野外調查與標本館的紀錄彙整出墾丁國家公園境內共計有75科122屬140種稀有植物，其中極危(CR) 18種、瀕危(EN) 35種、易危(VU) 80種、近危(NT) 1種與無危(LC) 2種，以及紅皮書未評的稀有植物4種等。與徐國士等(1985) 調查成果相比新增了78種稀有植物。
四、主要建議事項
1. 極危等級的囊稃竹在林業試驗所、特有生物保育中心等單位進行保種復育研究頗有成效，囊稃竹的種源明確無污染問題；建議管理單位可以先進行囊稃竹原生育地的棲地環境基本資料建立，並擬定囊稃竹復育計畫書後，再與林業試驗所等單位進行跨部會合作，將囊稃竹復育回原生育地。
2. 本研究篩選16種已知族群的稀有植物較需要保育措施介入，並將保育順序分為三級，建議具有極高保育順序的有臺灣木藍、白蝴蝶蘭、錫蘭七指蕨與囊稃竹等4種；而具有高保育順序的有小石積、蒟蒻薯、椴葉野桐、多花山柑與腺葯豇豆等5種；最後，建議中高保育順序的有南化摺唇蘭、金平氏破布子、麥氏野扁豆、牛虱草、澳洲珍珠茅、小葉捕魚木與毛穎草等7種。
3. 墾丁國家公園西半部王家莊一帶的原生森林，本研究諮詢專家學者以及本研究皆建議列入生態保護區，如管理不便，至少應加強公園警察巡邏。
4. 其餘區域大致上無明顯棲地消失的危機，因此本研究建議定期監測稀有植物的生長狀況，若族群或生育地無明顯的破壞應無需其他保護措施。
計畫類別：[植物生態]
英文摘要：I. Research Background
According to the 2010 Planning and Construction of Biodiversity Indicator Monitoring System in Kenting National Park and the 2016 Review and Analysis of the Conservation and Management Plan of Kenting National Park and Future Planning, it is suggested that, with an interval of more than 30 years, under the influence of climate change and multiple alterations in the park environment, it is imperative to reinvestigate rare plants in the park, and to expand confirmation of the species, quantity, and distribution changes and current status of rare plants.
II. Research Method and Process
Based on the survey results of Hsu et al. (1985), data of rare plants compiled by Lu et al. (1996-2001) and the Editorial Committee of the Red List of Taiwan Plants (2017), and rare plant-related research literature such as flora surveys and plant classification in the park, as well as drawing on the collections of major herbaria in Taiwan, we established the distribution map data on rare plants in the park. Further, in combination with a total of 15 field surveys in the park from April 10, 2020 to October 03, 2021, we established information on the current distribution of rare plants in the park. Moreover, using the approach of kernel density estimation, we established the rare plant hotspot in Kenting National Park. Based on the results, we developed relevant protection measures and provided a monograph on rare plant conservation as a reference for the ecology and conservation management of the Kenting National Park Administration. Compared with the survey results of Xu et al. (1985), 78 new species of rare plants have been added.
III. Important Findings
In this study, Kenting National Park is divided into 11 rare plant hotspots from west to east: (1) Shanhai & Wanlitong, (2) Guanshan & Longluantan Lake, (3) Maobitou, (4) Yongjing, (5) Kenting uplifted coral reef, (6) Eluanbi peninsula, (7) Gangqian, (8) Jialeshuei, (9) south of Nanren Mountain (Nanrenshan), (10) Nanren Mountain & Nanren lake, and (11) Bitou & Wanjhangshenkeng. Among them, the southern part of Nanren Mountain has the largest number of rare plant species and the largest area, followed by the region of Nanren Mountain and Najen Lake, and Eluanbi peninsula ranking third. In this study, the field survey and herbarium records were compiled to show that there are 140 rare plant species of 75 families and 122 genera in Kenting National Park, including 18 species of Critically Endangered (CR), 35 species of Endangered (EN), 80 species of Vulnerable (VU), 1 species of Near Threatened (NT), 2 species of Non-Threatened (LC), and 4 species of rare plants not rated in the Red List.
IV. Main Recommendations
1. the critically endangered Leptaspis banksii has achieved successful results in conservation and restoration research conducted by the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute and the Endemic Species Research Institute among other units, and the seed source of L. banksii has been confirmed as pollution-free. This study suggests that the management unit should first establish basic information on the environment of the native habitat of L. banksii and formulate a plan for the restoration of L. banksii, and further cooperate with the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute and other units to restore L. banksii to its native habitat.
2. Rare plants from known populations in greater need of the intervention of conservation measures were divided into 3 levels, include very high conservation order of 4 species, that is, L. banksii, Indigofera taiwaniana, Helminthostachys zeylanica, and Phalaenopsis aphrodite; high conservation order of 5 species, that is, Tacca leontopetaloides, Mallotus tiliifolius, Vigna adenantha, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, and Capparis multiflora; then, middle-high conservation order of 7 species, that is, Scleria novae-hollandiae, Cordia aspera, Dunbaria merrillii,
Eragrostis unioloides, Alloteropsis semialata, Tropidia nanhuae, and Grewia piscatorum. The rare plants of the above-mentioned populations are under more significant pressure of extinction, and the conservation of the populations in their native habitats should be strengthened and supplemented by the ex situ preservation of ex situ conservation.
3. The experts and scholars that were consulted in the study as well as the results of the study all suggested that the native forest around Wangjiazhuang in the western half of Kenting National Park should be included in the ecological protection zone. If management of the region is inconvenient, police patrols should be strengthened in and around the park at the minimum.
4. Generally, no significant risk of habitat loss was observed in the remaining areas. Therefore, this study recommends monitoring the growth of rare plants on a regular basis. If there is no obvious damage to a population or habitat, no other protective measures are required.
辦理單位：國立中興大學
計畫屬性：本處委託研究
執行年度：109-110
計畫主持人：曾彥學、曾喜育
中文關鍵字：墾丁國家公園、稀有植物、植物監測、植物保育、稀有植物熱區(hotspot)、核密度估計(kernel density estimation)
英文關鍵字：Kenting National Park, rare species, plant monitoring, plant conservation, hotspot, kernel density estimation