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107年度墾丁國家公園龍鑾潭重要濕地國家級外來種魚類移除計畫

一、 計畫緣起
龍鑾潭是內政部公告的國家級國家重要濕地，近年魚類調查資料顯示外來種比例明顯增加，其原生種已明顯逐年減少。因此，為降低龍鑾潭內掠食性外來種魚類數，以減少原生種魚類及生物多樣性之危害進行外來種魚類移除計畫。
二、 研究方法與過程
本研究於龍鑾潭中利用延繩釣、路亞釣法及長沉籠等方式針對線鱧(Channa striata)、斑駁尖塘鱧(Oxyeleotris marmorata)、尼羅口孵非鯽(Oreochromis niloticus niloticus)、吉利非鯽(Tilapia zillii)及三星毛足鱸(Trichogaster trichopterus)等外來種魚類進行移除。移除過程中記錄捕獲之魚種、重量及全長等資料，並利用該資料作為外來種魚類移除管理建議之基本資料。並將資料與經驗完成「外來種魚類環境宣導海報稿」。
三、重要發現
本計畫於4月13日至7月13日，經延繩釣、路亞釣法及長沉籠等方式進行四次外來種魚類移除，共計捕獲714隻魚類，47隻日本沼蝦，總計共761隻，其中外來種613隻，原生種148隻。與去年執行計畫結果相同，線鱧、斑駁尖塘鱧、吉利非鯽、尼羅口孵非鯽及三星毛足鱸均於乾水期時期有較好的捕獲數量，除斑駁尖塘鱧外均於天然棲地有較佳的捕獲效果。
本年度由線鱧繁殖季初期的4月開始進行移除，其移除效率明顯高於去年。路亞釣法及延繩釣法捕獲魚種大致相同，但是其捕獲效率路亞釣法卻遠大於延繩釣法。因此，建議爾後進行外來種移除工作時可選定於4月開始的乾水期期間，運用路亞釣法及長沉籠法兩種方式，並增加努力量將可以有較高的捕獲效率。

計畫類別：[動物生態]

英文摘要：[Introduction] In Taiwan, the Longluan Lake in the Ken-ting National Park has long been recognized as an important habitat for overwintering birds. Previous studies have shown that more alien invasive fishes have currently been recorded than native fishes in the Lake. Due to its strong environmental adaptability and carnivorous diet, these alien fishes have caused significant negative impacts on the biodiversity of native fishes and aquatic organisms in the Longluan Lake.
[Materials and Methods] To protect the aquatic organisms in the Longluan Lake, this study selected lure fishing, longline fishing and fyke nets to eradicate alien invasive fishes — including Channa striata, Oxyeleotris marmorata, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, Tilapia zillii, and Trichogaster trichopterus. Additionally, an "Alien Species Fish education poster" will be designed to educate the community members on the prevention, eradication, and management of invasive alien fishes.
[Results and Discussion] A totality of 761 individuals was collected by 4 eradication trips in the Longluan Lake from April to June 2018. Among them, 613 alien invasive fishes and 148 native fishes were captured. Based on the preliminary result, the timing to conduct the eradication of invasive fishes is suggested to be made in the period of lower water level of Longluan Lake. Lure fishing and fyke net are high efficient methods to remove invasive fishes from April to June. Lure fishing was recommended to be used in natural habitat, while fyke net was fit for the artificially modified environment.

計畫屬性：本處委託辦理

執行年度：107

計畫主持人：黃大駿老師團隊

中文關鍵字：龍鑾潭、外來種魚類、外來種移除

英文關鍵字：Longluan Lake, alien fishes, invasive species, eradication of invasive species