108年度墾丁國家公園龍鑾潭重要濕地(國家級)外來種魚類移除計畫

一、計畫緣起
龍鑾潭是內政部公告的國家級國家重要濕地，近年魚類調查資料顯示外來種比例明顯增加，而原生種已明顯逐年減少。因此，為減少龍鑾潭掠食性外來種魚類種類與數量，以降低對於原生種魚類及生物多樣性之危害，而進行外來種魚類移除計畫。
二、研究方法與過程
本研究於龍鑾潭利用路亞釣法及長沉籠等採集方法，針對線鱧(Channa striata)、斑駁尖塘鱧(Oxyeleotris marmorata)、尼羅口孵非鯽(Oreochromis niloticus niloticus)、吉利非鯽(Tilapia zillii)及三星毛足鱸(Trichogaster trichopterus)等外來種魚類進行移除。移除過程中，記錄捕獲之魚種、重量及全長等資料，並利用該資料，提出外來種魚類移除管理建議。
三、重要發現
本計畫於4月6日至7月29日，經路亞釣法及長沉籠等方式進行四次外來種魚類移除，共計捕獲魚類848隻及4隻日本沼蝦，共852隻個體，其中外來種469隻，原生種383隻。捕獲效果與去年執行計畫結果相同，線鱧、吉利非鯽、尼羅口孵非鯽及三星毛足鱸均於乾水期顯示較高的捕獲數量，除斑駁尖塘鱧外，其餘外來魚種均於天然棲地有較佳的捕獲效果。
經由三年結果推估，每年若能移除80尾線鱧及40尾斑駁尖塘鱧，將可能達到這兩類魚類族群數量維持不增加的情況，並使得這兩種外來種魚類對龍鑾潭原生魚種群聚的影響不再擴大。
四、建議事項
今年推估，每年若能移除80尾線鱧及40尾斑駁尖塘鱧，將可能達到這兩類魚類族群數量維持不增加的情況。因此建議，外來種移除工作應持續進行外，減少民眾進行放生或放養的行為的環境教育工作也應持續。此外，每隔幾年可利用受過訓練的志工辦理大規模的外來種移除活動，強化常態性外來種移除效能。

計畫類別：[動物生態]

英文摘要：[Introduction] In Taiwan, the Longluan Lake in the Ken-ting National Park has long been recognized as an important habitat for overwintering birds. Previous studies have shown that more alien invasive fishes have currently been recorded than native fishes in the Lake. Due to its strong environmental adaptability and carnivorous diet, these alien fishes have caused significant negative impacts on the biodiversity of native fishes and aquatic organisms in the Longluan Lake.
[Materials and Methods] To protect the aquatic organisms in the Longluan Lake, this study selected lure fishing and fyke nets to eradicate alien invasive fishes — including Channa striata, Oxyeleotris marmorata, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, Tilapia zillii, and Trichogaster trichopterus.
[Results and Discussion] A totality of 848 individuals was collected by 4 eradication trips in the Longluan Lake from April to June 2018. Among them, 465 alien invasive fishes and 383 native fishes were captured. Based on the preliminary result, the timing to conduct the eradication of invasive fishes is suggested to be made in the period of lower water level of Longluan Lake. Based on the result of this study, the impact from alien carnivorous fishes on native fishes and organisms will begin to decrease, if greater than 80 individuals of C. striata and 40 individuals of O. marmorata can be removed from the lake annually.
[Suggestion] We suggested that it is essential to continue the projects to eradicate the alien fishes from the Longluan Lake and to educate the community members on the prevention, eradication and management of invasive alien fishes. Moreover, trained volunteers can be recruited to assist the large-scale eradication activities on alien invasive fishes in every few years.

辦理單位：嘉南藥理大學

計畫屬性：本處委託辦理

執行年度：108

計畫主持人：黃大駿

中文關鍵字：龍鑾潭、外來種魚類、外來種移除

英文關鍵字：Longluan Lake, alien fishes, invasive species, eradication of invasive species

相關檔案
108龍鑾潭外來魚類移除期末報告-完稿： 108龍鑾潭外來魚類移除期末報告-完稿

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