一、計畫緣起
墾丁國家公園為國內首座成立之國家公園，特異的海陸地理景觀和熱帶氣候，孕育著相當豐富種類的野生動物，每年尚有大批候鳥飛來渡冬，為保育這些國家重要自然生態資源，維護生物多樣性，並喚起國人對生態保育的重視，墾丁國家公園管理處自民國73年成立以來，亦不遺餘力地執行資源保育工作，成果豐碩。轄內台灣梅花鹿的復育，歷經準備期、放養期和野放追蹤期，已成功的復育台灣特有的梅花鹿品系，讓其回歸原有的自然生活；台灣環頸雉的保育，也繁衍保存著台灣較早的野生品系種源。
然而，動物難免有生病與受傷，因此醫療救助在所難免。又因轄內有不少居民與畜產試驗所所飼養之牲畜與家禽，加上候鳥與生態旅遊日益繁盛，野生動物、豢養動物與人三者間的互動，豢圉、棲地與人類活動地的重疊與接觸，亦在所難免，因此傳染性疾病尤其潛在性人畜共通傳染病的預防、監測與控制，對野生動物的保育和對公共衛生威脅的防遏，亦是不可或缺的工作。此外，對撿獲或違法獵捕取締之野生動物也需施予即時之醫療保健。
因此，為持續監測轄內野生動物之潛在性疾病，預防疾病於未然，並對受傷動物進行醫療保健，對生病和死亡動物進行病因診斷鑑定，屏東科技大學獸醫學系暨動物醫院自民國76年以來，持續接受墾丁國家公園管理處之委託，辦理轄區內野生動物的醫療保健勞務計畫，對轄區內動物的醫療保健和疾病防治體系，已有豐富的經驗，今年度榮幸再獲續辦此計畫。
二、方法及過程
服務內容為墾丁國家公園管理處轄內陸域野生動物，包括哺乳類和鳥類等之疾病檢查、診治和預防，其執行方法一方面平日對受傷野生動物進行疾病檢查和醫療照護；對死亡動物進行剖檢、死因鑑定和屍體處理；對墾管處野放及遷移野生動物時給予協助及技術指導；對轄區野生動物緊急狀況進行醫療。另方面進行定期預防注射和健康監測，包括預防注射(台灣環頸雉7月和9月底行新城病預防注射；台灣梅花鹿配合政府政策行口蹄疫預防注射)；重要傳染病及寄生蟲感染之監控(台灣環頸雉於7和9月行雛白痢，台灣梅花鹿於召回時行結核病、布氏桿菌病等重要傳染病及糞便寄生蟲之檢查監控)；健康檢查(抽驗環頸雉和對召回鹿隻，以及其它野生動物於被捕捉保定時，進行血液學、血清生化學和一般臨床等檢查，以監控動物之健康營養和預防重要疾病尤其傳染病之發生)；預防緊迫(台灣環頸雉投予電解質維生素)；對召回之臺灣梅花鹿進行基本資料之建立(耳刺青編號、量體重)。
三、重要發現
1.台灣梅花鹿之重要傳染病監控與預防：召回之鹿隻之結核病，全部均呈陰性反應。社頂區召回無刺青及耳標之鹿隻，大多數體表於多處可見壁蝨寄生與叮咬。
2.台灣梅花鹿之健康檢查：由血液學和血清化學檢查評估，雖然有少數鹿隻營養稍差，但全部鹿隻健康狀況大致正常，由血液抹片檢查均無心絲蟲…等血液寄生蟲感染。
3.台灣梅花鹿之醫療與外科處理： 1頭鹿之耳朵有輕微傷口出血，行優點棉塗抹消毒處理。1頭鹿腿部創傷，行外科手術整復處理。
4.台灣環頸雉重要傳染病之監控與預防：新生雉行2次新城病死毒疫苗基礎免疫注射，且全群實施每年2次預防注射。由新城病血球凝集抑制反應抗體力價測定，確定預防注射時機恰當。由新城病抗體力價推測有病毒入侵但因群體保護覆蓋率夠而未暴發新城病。
5.台灣環頸雉之健康檢查：血液抹片檢查均無寄生蟲感染，抽檢糞便樣本中皆無腸道寄生蟲感染。
6.其它動物之醫療和剖檢：本年度有3隻食蛇龜、一隻伯勞鳥、一隻山羌及一隻白鼻心進行醫療照護。
四、主要建議事項
根據上述發現，本計畫提出下列建議：
主辦機關：墾丁國家公園管理處
1.台灣梅花鹿之口蹄疫疫苗注射，建議往後仍依政府防疫單位規定，對召回鹿隻行預防注射。
2.台灣梅花鹿之結核病、副結核病和布氏桿菌病等反芻獸重要人畜共通傳染病，以及胃腸道和血液寄生蟲檢查已多年均為陰性反應，應可贏得轄內其他動物飼養單位與遊客信任與放心。建議維持抽驗方式，以監測野放復育鹿隻之健康。
3.台灣梅花鹿自92年11月起，除97年無發現外，每年均有部分鹿隻遭受壁蝨感染，偶而引起死亡，今年在社頂區或瓊麻館區有發現少數感染，仍建議對召回鹿隻仍然以害獲滅進行預防注射，一則可預防野外壁蝨之死灰復燃，另則可防止草食動物常有之腦脊髓絲狀蟲症的侵襲。
4.台灣梅花鹿今年並無遭野犬咬死或非法捕獵之案件，建議應仿今年模式，除繼續加強警告、宣導和取締外，對捕獲野犬給予去勢或結紮。
5.新城病為台灣環頸雉最重要之傳染病，這幾年實施每年2次死毒疫苗預防注射及新生雉2次基礎免疫注射，效果良好，建議持續施行此一方式之預防注射。
6.台灣環頸雉今年抽驗29隻血清總蛋白質測定皆高於3.4g/dL，顯示整群營養狀況已明顯改善，建議繼續保持維護。
計畫類別：[動物生態]
英文摘要：There are abundant wild animals resources in the Kenting National Park. In order to evaluate the healthy condition, to establish a procedual for preventing diseases of wild animals, and medical therapy for the injured, dead and recalled animals, the medical examinations and treatments were performed for the terrestrial wild animals all over the year of 2016.
A total of 73 Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) assembled from the reintroduction field were done vaccinations with FMD inactivated vaccine and ivermectin injection for preventing the tick and cerebrospinal nematode infections. All the deer were performed the examinations of single cervical intradermal tuberculin test, serum plate agglutination tests for Brucella abortus, hematology, serum chemistry, fecal parasitology, and general clinical appearance. The results showed that all the examinations in each deer were negative or normal. Besides, a deer has severe trauma in the part of fore limb because of the intense dash and gave the surgery for its recovery.
All of 208 ring-necked pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus) were vaccinated two times with inactivated vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus in July and September, 2016. The examinations were performed in 29 serum samples for plate agglutination tests of Salmonella pullorum (PD), 29 serum samples for total serum protein (TSP) and haemoaglutination inhibit test for Newcastle disease antibody. Ten feces samples were done parasitological examinations. The results showed that no positive cases were found in the PD and ND. All of the fecal and bloody parasitological examinations are negative. All of the pheasants’ total serum protein test are above 3.4g/dL, revealed an improvement of neutritial status.
This project comes to the following immediate strategies.
1.The current methods for medical examinations and treatments of wild animals in Kenting National Park were suitable, especially for the controls of bovine tuberculosis, Johne's disease, brucellosis and gastrointestinal parasite infestation in deer, and newcastle disease in pheasant. It should be continuously executed.
2.For the species conservation of Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus), some of the deers should be selected, and were free-ranged in the cleaning area of tick and cerebrospinal nematode. The drug dipping, ivomectin injection and the rotation grazing should be periodically performed. On the other hand, the recalled deers also be continuously executed the drug dipping and ivomectin injection for the parasitic dispel. Since there was no case of Formosan Sika deer being bitten by wild dogs, hit by a car, or being hunted illegally by unscrupulous businessmen, the method we have been using this year should be continuously executed: In addition to continuing to strengthen the warning, advocacy and banning, castration or ligation of captured wild dogs are also important.
3.For the controls of hypoproteinemia and chronic infections (such as Salmonella pullorum,) in pheasant, to improve the raising space, to increase feed trough number and/or to decrease the number of pheasant are necessary.
辦理單位：國立屏東科技大學
計畫屬性：本處委託辦理
執行年度：105
計畫主持人：吳弘毅助理教授
中文關鍵字：醫療保健、醫學檢查、野生動物、墾丁國家公園
英文關鍵字：medical treatment and health care, medical examinations, wild animals, Kenting National Park